|
Quick Facts |
| Mobility |
Land-based, mobile launchers |
| Targets |
Short-, medium-range ballistic missiles |
| Role |
Area and terminal phase missile defense |
| Status |
First fielded in 2008, THAAD was deployed in the joint missile defense exercises with Israel in 2009. |
| Producer |
Lockheed Martin |
The Theatre High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) ballistic missile defense system is an easily transportable defensive weapon system to protect against hostile incoming threats such as tactical and theatre ballistic missiles at ranges of 200km and at altitudes up to 150km.
The THAAD system provides the upper tier of a 'layered defensive shield' to protect high value strategic or tactical sites such as airfields or populations centres. The THAAD interceptor operates in exo-atmospheric and endo-atmospheric environment.
The sites can also be protected with lower- and medium-tier defensive shield systems such as the Patriot Advanced Capability-3 which intercepts hostile incoming missiles at 20 to 100 times lower altitudes.
THAAD interceptors cost about $8 million per piece. Each THAAD battery will have 3 launchers that can fire 25 interceptors, 1 Fire Control and Communication Components, and
1 AN/TPY-2 radar.
There are 4 THAAD batteries that will be sold to the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Taiwan, this extended production will lower THAAD production costs. Five batteries are on order by Germany, Israel, South Korea and Japan.
The THAAD Program
In 1992 Lockheed Martin Missiles and Space and other industrial team partners were awarded a $689m contract to develop the THAAD system. Raytheon was selected as sub-contractor to develop the ground-based radar. Raytheon is responsible for the solid-state receiver / transmitter modules. TRW is responsible for software development. The other main contractors are Raytheon for the traveling wave tubes, Datatape for the data recorders and EBCO for radar turrets.
The THAAD program entered the engineering and manufacturing development (EMD) phase in 2000. In May 2004, production of 16 flight test missiles began at Lockheed Martin's new production facilities in Pike County, Alabama.
The first flight test of the entire system including missile, launcher, radar and fire control system took place in May 2006. Flight testing began at Pacific Missile Range, Kauai, Hawaii in January 2007 with a successful intercept test in the high endo-atmosphere. A second successful test took place in April 2007 with intercept in the mid endo-atmosphere. The THAAD ballistic missile defense system has an impressive test record, from 9 tests, 6 were successful. 3 remaining failed not due to the ballistic missile failure, but due to the target missile failure.
In January 2007, Lockheed Martin was awarded a contract for the first two production THAAD systems, to include six launchers, 48 missiles, two radars and two tactical operations centers. Initial Operating Capability (IOC) is expected in 2009.
In August 2007, Lockheed Martin announced that THAAD will be built at its Camden, Arkansas facility.
In June 2009, the United States declared to be willing to deploy a THAAD unit to Hawaii, along with a sea-based radar, if the Noth Kore attempts to threaten the soil of the United States.
On October 16th, 2009, the U.S. Army and the Missile Defense Agency activated the second Terminal High Altitude Area Defense Battery, Alpha Battery, 2nd Air Defense Artillery Regiment, at Fort Bliss, Texas.
THAAD Missile Information
The target object data and the predicted intercept point are downloaded to the missile prior to launch. The updated target and intercept data are also transmitted to the missile in flight.
The missile is 6.17m in long and is equipped with a single stage solid fuel rocket motor with thrust vectoring. The rocket motor is supplied by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne. The launch weight is 900kg.
A separation motor is installed at the interstage at the forward end of the booster section. The separation motor assists in the separation of the Kinetic Kill Vehicle (KKV) and the spent boost motor.
The shroud separates from the KKV before impact. The KKV is equipped with a liquid-fuelled Divert and Attitude Control System (DACS), developed by Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, for the terminal maneuvering towards the target intercept point.
A gimbal-mounted infrared seeker module in the nose section provides terminal homing to close in on the target missile in the terminal phase of approach.
During the initial fly-out phase of flight, the seeker window is covered with a two-piece clamshell protection shroud. Metal bladders installed in the shroud are inflated to eject the protective shroud before the seeker initiates target acquisition. The infrared seeker head, developed by BAe Systems, is an indium antimonide (InSb) staring focal plane array operating in the mid infrared 3 to 5 micron wavelength band.
M1075 Truck Mounted Launcher
Launch vehicle is a modified Oshkosh Truck Corporation Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck with Load Handling System (HEMTT-LHS). The 12m-long by 3.25m-wide launch vehicle carries ten missile launch containers. While on the launcher, lead acid batteries provide the primary power. The batteries are recharged with a low-noise generator.
After firing, reloading the launch vehicle takes 30 minutes.
AN/SPY-2 Radar
The cueing for the THAAD system is provided by the Raytheon AN/TPY-2 Ground-Based Radar (GBR) for surveillance, threat classification and threat identification. THAAD can also be cued by military surveillance satellites such as Brilliant Eyes.
The ground-based radar units are C-130 air transportable. The AN/TPY-2 radar uses a 9.2m² aperture full field of view antenna phased array operating at I and J bands (X-band) and contains 25,344 solid-state microwave transmit and receive modules. The radar has the capability to acquire missile threats at ranges up to 1,000km.
The first production radar is being tested at the White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico. In September 2004, the THAAD radar tracked a tactical ballistic missile, cueing a successful intercept by a Patriot PAC-3 missile. A second radar was delivered to White Sands in June 2007.
Tactical Opertions Center
Each THAAD battery has two Tactical Operations Centres (TOC). The TOC has been developed by Northrop Grumman, formerly Litton Data Systems Division. The TOC accommodates two operator stations and is equipped with three Hewlett-Packard HP-735 data processors.
Mobile Batlefield Management; Command, Control, Computers; Intelligence Units
The THAAD system is able to 'hand over' targets to other defence systems and can cue the targets to other weapons. THAAD is able to interface to other U.S. or allied air defence data information networks and to the battle management and command control and communications centre.
Northrop Grumman has been contracted to develop the THAAD Battlefield Management; Command, Control, Computers; Intelligence (BMC3I). The BMC3I units are installed in hardened shelters mounted on High-Mobility Multi-Wheeled Vehicles (HMMWVs).
The THAAD communications system can use Joint Tactical Information Distribution System, mobile subscriber equipment, Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS) and the joint tactical terminal for voice and data communications and for intelligence data transfer.