Government Service

• Defense Department :
  

• Undersecretary of Defense for Policy (2005-2009)
• Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Soviet and East European Affairs (1990-1993)

• Office of the Vice President:

• Principal Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (2001-2003)

• State Department:
  

• Ambassador to the Republic of Turkey (2003-2005)
  

• Ambassador to the Republic of Finland (1998-2001)

• Executive Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State (1996-1998)

• Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy, Prague, Czech Republic (1994-1996)

• Ambassador-at-Large and Special Advisor to the Secretary of State on the Newly Independent States (1993)

• Special Assistant (European Affairs) to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (1989-1990)

• Head of External Political Section at the U.S. Embassy in Moscow (1987-1989)

• Head of Soviet Policies in the Third World at the Office of Soviet Affairs (1984-1986)

• Special Assistant to Secretary of State George P. Shultz (1982-1984)

 

• Staff Officer on the Secretariat Staff (1982)

 

• Watch Officer in the State Department Operations Center (1981-1982)

 

• Member of the U.S. Middle East Delegation to the West Bank/Gaza Autonomy Talks Delegations (1980-1981)

Education

• Yale University: Ph.D., U.S. Diplomatic History (1981)

• Cornell University: B.A., History and Government (1972)